Nov 19, 2019
Nov 18, 2019
Human Rights #7 families
Human Rights consists of 7 families:
(1) Security rights
Protect people against murder, torture, and genocide;
(2) Due process rights
Protect people against arbitrary and excessively harsh punishments and require fair and public trials of those accused of crimes;
(3) Liberty rights
Protect people’s fundamental freedoms in areas such as belief, expression, association, and movement;
(4) Political rights
Protect people’s liberty to participate in politics by assembling, protesting, voting, and serving in public office;
(5) Equality rights
Guarantee equal citizenship, equality before the law, and freedom
from discrimination;
(6) Social rights
Require that governments ensure to all the availability of work, education, health services, and an adequate standard of living.
(7) Collective Rights
Protect women, children, disabled, minorities, indigenous peoples, migrant workers
(1) Security rights
Protect people against murder, torture, and genocide;
(2) Due process rights
Protect people against arbitrary and excessively harsh punishments and require fair and public trials of those accused of crimes;
(3) Liberty rights
Protect people’s fundamental freedoms in areas such as belief, expression, association, and movement;
(4) Political rights
Protect people’s liberty to participate in politics by assembling, protesting, voting, and serving in public office;
(5) Equality rights
Guarantee equal citizenship, equality before the law, and freedom
from discrimination;
(6) Social rights
Require that governments ensure to all the availability of work, education, health services, and an adequate standard of living.
(7) Collective Rights
Protect women, children, disabled, minorities, indigenous peoples, migrant workers
Cicero the slain humanist of Rome
#Cicero
Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, and writer who vainly tried to uphold republican principles in the final civil wars that destroyed the Roman Republic.
Videos
https://youtu.be/KZA3szW3plI
https://youtu.be/VhgWPAjJdGY
Cicero was not involved in the conspiracy to kill Caesar on March 15, 44.and was not present in the Senate when he was murdered.
Following Julius Caesar's death, Cicero became an enemy of Mark Antony in the ensuing power struggle, attacking him in a series of speeches. He came to admit in the De republica that republican government required the presence of a powerful individual—an idealized Pompey perhaps—to ensure its stability, he showed little appreciation of the intrinsic weaknesses of Roman republican administration. He was proscribed as an enemy of the state by the Second Triumvirate and consequently executed.
Among Cicero's admirers were Desiderius Erasmus, Martin Luther, and John Locke.[114] Following the invention of Johannes Gutenberg's printing press, De Officiis was the second book printed in Europe, after the Gutenberg Bible. Scholars note Cicero's influence on the rebirth of religious toleration in the 17th century.
Cicero was especially popular with the Philosophes of the 18th century, including Edward Gibbon, Diderot, David Hume, Montesquieu, and Voltaire. Voltaire called Cicero "the greatest as well as the most elegant of Roman philosophers".
Across the Atlantic, Cicero the republican inspired the Founding Fathers of the United States and the revolutionaries of the French Revolution. John Adams said, "As all the ages of the world have not produced a greater statesman and philosopher united than Cicero, his authority should have great weight." Jefferson names Cicero as one of a handful of major figures who contributed to a tradition "of public right" that informed his draft of the Declaration of Independence and shaped American understandings of "the common sense" basis for the right of revolution. Camille Desmoulins said of the French republicans in 1789 that they were "mostly young people who, nourished by the reading of Cicero at school, had become passionate enthusiasts for liberty".
Cicero's advice to his brother that "if fate had given you authority over Africans or Spaniards or Gauls, wild and barbarous nations, you would still owe it to your humanitas to be concerned about their comforts, their needs, and their safety.
De re publica
Cicero uses the work to explain Roman constitutional theory. Written in imitation of Plato’s Republic, it takes the form of a Socratic dialogue in which Scipio Aemilianus takes the role of a wise old man.
The work examines the type of government that had been established in Rome since the kings, and that was challenged by amongst others Julius Caesar. The development of the constitution is explained, and Cicero explores the different types of constitutions and the roles played by citizens in government.
Quotes
A room without books is like a body without a soul.
If you have a garden and a library, you have everything you need.
Gratitude is not only the greatest of virtues, but the parent of all others.
To be ignorant of what occurred before you were born is to remain always a child.
While there's life, there's hope.
The life of the dead is placed in the memory of the living.
The safety of the people shall be the highest law.
No one can give you better advice than yourself.
It is foolish to tear one's hair in grief, as though sorrow would be made less by baldness.
Friendship improves happiness and abates misery, by the doubling of our joy and the dividing of our grief.
Humanism
Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism and empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition.
Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, and writer who vainly tried to uphold republican principles in the final civil wars that destroyed the Roman Republic.
Videos
https://youtu.be/KZA3szW3plI
https://youtu.be/VhgWPAjJdGY
Cicero was not involved in the conspiracy to kill Caesar on March 15, 44.and was not present in the Senate when he was murdered.
Following Julius Caesar's death, Cicero became an enemy of Mark Antony in the ensuing power struggle, attacking him in a series of speeches. He came to admit in the De republica that republican government required the presence of a powerful individual—an idealized Pompey perhaps—to ensure its stability, he showed little appreciation of the intrinsic weaknesses of Roman republican administration. He was proscribed as an enemy of the state by the Second Triumvirate and consequently executed.
Among Cicero's admirers were Desiderius Erasmus, Martin Luther, and John Locke.[114] Following the invention of Johannes Gutenberg's printing press, De Officiis was the second book printed in Europe, after the Gutenberg Bible. Scholars note Cicero's influence on the rebirth of religious toleration in the 17th century.
Cicero was especially popular with the Philosophes of the 18th century, including Edward Gibbon, Diderot, David Hume, Montesquieu, and Voltaire. Voltaire called Cicero "the greatest as well as the most elegant of Roman philosophers".
Across the Atlantic, Cicero the republican inspired the Founding Fathers of the United States and the revolutionaries of the French Revolution. John Adams said, "As all the ages of the world have not produced a greater statesman and philosopher united than Cicero, his authority should have great weight." Jefferson names Cicero as one of a handful of major figures who contributed to a tradition "of public right" that informed his draft of the Declaration of Independence and shaped American understandings of "the common sense" basis for the right of revolution. Camille Desmoulins said of the French republicans in 1789 that they were "mostly young people who, nourished by the reading of Cicero at school, had become passionate enthusiasts for liberty".
Cicero's advice to his brother that "if fate had given you authority over Africans or Spaniards or Gauls, wild and barbarous nations, you would still owe it to your humanitas to be concerned about their comforts, their needs, and their safety.
De re publica
Cicero uses the work to explain Roman constitutional theory. Written in imitation of Plato’s Republic, it takes the form of a Socratic dialogue in which Scipio Aemilianus takes the role of a wise old man.
The work examines the type of government that had been established in Rome since the kings, and that was challenged by amongst others Julius Caesar. The development of the constitution is explained, and Cicero explores the different types of constitutions and the roles played by citizens in government.
Quotes
A room without books is like a body without a soul.
If you have a garden and a library, you have everything you need.
Gratitude is not only the greatest of virtues, but the parent of all others.
To be ignorant of what occurred before you were born is to remain always a child.
While there's life, there's hope.
The life of the dead is placed in the memory of the living.
The safety of the people shall be the highest law.
No one can give you better advice than yourself.
It is foolish to tear one's hair in grief, as though sorrow would be made less by baldness.
Friendship improves happiness and abates misery, by the doubling of our joy and the dividing of our grief.
Humanism
Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism and empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition.
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