Cyber security and
data protection policy is very important in protecting human rights.
Regulatory policy
Through regulatory policy, the federal government supervises the actions of individuals, businesses, and government institutions.
Regulatory activities include setting fair prices for goods and services; granting licenses and franchises; establishing safety standards for the workplace and transportation; providing resources, and setting rates; monitoring and enforcing compliance with statutes relating to discrimination; and protecting the environment.
The scope of regulatory policies handled by array of independent commissions and agencies responsible for their implementation.
Critisism
the policy making process of government is not driven by what’s best for the country. They focused on what’s best them to consolidate power.
There is no overall vision or plan, its decisions on the run, regardless of its impact on the country, its people and our standing in the world community.
The Policymaking Process
Why public policy ?
Public policy refers to the actions taken by government — its decisions that are intended to solve problems and improve the quality of life for its citizens.
public policies are enacted to regulate industry and business, to protect citizens and to encourage social goals.
A policy process goes through agenda building, formulation, adoption, implementation, evaluation, and termination.
Agenda building
Before a policy can be created, a problem must exist. A needs assessment help identifying a problem and stakeholders.
Policy formulation
aims to solve a problem. Legislature, executive, courts, and interest groups get involved.
interest group
an organization whose members sharing common concerns and try to influence government policies affecting those concerns.
Types of Groups
Economic interest groups
Public interest groups
Government interest groups
Religious interest groups
Civil rights interest groups
Ideological interest groups
Single-issue interest groups
Adaptation
The draft bill goes to plarliament with drafts of proposed rules. The process continues with adoption. A policy is adopted when parliament passes legislation, then regulations become final, unless Supreme Court renders a decision in a case.
Evaluation
determining how well a policy is working, need to use cost-benefit analysis to try to find the answer.
Termination
once implemented, policies are difficult to terminate. They are terminated, when the policy became obsolete, clearly did not work, or lost its support among the interest groups and elected officials.
18th anmendment was repeled in 2015.
Forming public opinion
Personal interest
Personal interest has a straightforward effect on public opinion. Individuals respond to a problem based on how the outcome will affect them.
Schema
schema is a set of beliefs that people use to examine a specific subject. It is a mature outlook that draws on life experiences and, in a sense, is the sum total of the influences of socialization, background, and ideological convictions. Political affiliation is an example of a schema.
Effective leaders
help build a consensus on policies that they believe are in the best interest of the country.
The lack of coordination among agencies responsible for implementing policy contributes to fragmentation.
This also happens when act does not use
conventional means of interpretation to
establish sufficient degree of certainty.
Human rights are rules common to all legal systems in the world. They can be referred by international courts as body of rules that all States may adhere to.
These Human Rights needs to be considered at every step of digital policy making process to ensure policy is implementable without violating rights to privacy, freedom of speech, freedom of association and access to information guaranteed by Constitution, 19th Anmendment and ICCPR act.
Niranjan Meegammana
Shilpa Sayura Foundation
shilpasayura.org
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